Patient Monitor
The parameters (or measurements) usually consist of pulse oximetry (measurement of the saturated percentage of oxygen in the blood referred to as SpO2), ECG (electro-cardiograph of the p-QRS-t wave of the heart w/wo pacemaker), blood pressure (either invasively through an inserted blood pressure-to-transducer assembly or non-invasively with an inflatable blood pressure cuff) ,and temperature (usually skin temperature through an adhesive pad). There are more parameters such as Cardiac output, CO2 measurement (referred to as EtCO2 or end-tidal carbondioxide), respiration (through ECG channel or via EtCO2, when it is called AWRR or airway respiratory rate), anaesthetic gas measurement, etc.
Patient monitors can be broadly categorized as standalone or multiparameter. Standalone monitors continue to be used in developing countries like India mainly due to cost restraints and also because they are easy to manufacture and maintain. In developed part of the world, multiparameter monitors have supplanted them, in some cases because of statutory requirements (for example the US FDA) and also because if a clinician requires to monitor one channel then other channels are also needed to complement the data and get a fuller picture of the patient's vital signs (for example: ECG+SpO2+Respiration or SpO2+ NIBP or ECG+SpO2+Resp or ECG+SpO2+Resp+NIBP+Temp+Pressure with our without EtCO2).